绿色环保特殊浸润性纺织品的前沿进展

介绍了仿生超疏表面的工作机制以及疏水整理液的发展, 系统综述了近10年来特殊浸润性在开拓多功能绿色纺织领域的研究进展, 讨论了双面超疏、 超疏/超亲、 图案化及可响应浸润性纺织品的制备技术及应用, 介绍近几年在纺织品疏水化功能改性方面取得的前瞻性工作, 包括自清洁防污、 油水分离、 机械耐久、 图案化、 自修复、 单向运输等, 特别是在智能响应、 电子可穿戴、 能源等新兴领域方面的应用. 最后, 对超疏水纺织功能材料目前所面临的挑战及未来发展的方向进行了展望.     

推导纵向相对论多普勒效应的新方法

基于狭义相对论的洛伦兹变换和同时的相对性,本文给出了一个推导长度收缩和纵向相对论多普勒效应的新方法。该方法可更直观理解在两个惯性系中观测一个纵向光波的波长与观测沿纵向静止于某个系中杆的长度的本质区别。     

磁性纳米TiO_2/Fe_3O_4的制备及其光催化性能

采用特殊液相沉淀法分两步制备了壳核结构的磁性纳米TiO2/Fe3O4,并讨论了TiO2/Fe3O4比例对其磁性的影响。利用XRD、TEM和VSM对其进行了表征,用它做催化剂,甲基橙溶液为降解目标,在日光作用下对其光催化活性进行了研究,并测出了其回收率。结果表明,在本实验条件下制备的磁性纳米TiO2/Fe3O4表现为超顺磁性,具有较强的光催化活性和较高的回收率。当TiO2∶Fe3O4为4∶1,在450℃焙烧30min条件下得到的催化剂,对20mg/L的甲基橙溶液在60min内降解率高达91.5%,明显高于纯TiO2的催化活性,在外加强磁场的作用下,此催化剂很快从溶液中分离出来,测得其回收率为88.2%。     

空调冷凝水净化直饮水装置的研制

分析了空调冷凝水产生、特点,对空调冷凝水水量进行了计算,详细介绍了空调冷凝水净化处理的工艺过程,研制出了空调冷凝水净化直饮水装置。经初步化验,该装置处理的空调冷凝水符合国家纯净水标准。     

Quantum mechanics in a two-dimensional spacetime: What is a wavefunction?

Conventional quantum mechanics specifies the mathematical properties of wavefunctions and relates them to physical experiments by invoking the Born postulate. There is no known direct connection between wavefunctions and any external physical object. However, in the case of a two-dimensional spacetime there is a completely classical context for wavefunctions where the connection with an external reality is transparent and unambiguous. By examining this case, we show how a classical stochastic process assembles a Dirac wavefunction based solely on the detailed counting of reversible paths. A direct comparison of how a related process assembles a Probability Density Function reveals both how and why PDFs and wavefunctions differ, including the ubiquitous implication of complex numbers for the latter. The appearance of wavefunctions in a context that is free of the complexities of quantum mechanics suggests the study of such models may shed some light on interpretive issues.     

Logic of Simultaneity

A logical model of spatiotemporal structures is pictured as a succession of processes in time. One usual way to formalize time structure is to assume the global existence of time points and then collect some of them to form time intervals of processes. Under this set-theoretic approach, the logic that governs the processes acquires a Boolean structure. However, in a distributed computer system or a relativistic universe where the message-passing time between different locations is not negligible, the logic has no choice but to accept time interval instead of time point as a primitive concept. The resulting logico-algebraic structure matches that of orthologic, which is known as the most simplified version of quantum logic, and the conventionality of simultaneity claim is reduced to the non-distributivity of the logic.     

特种设备安全科技现状与展望

从法规标准、信息化、安全检测监测技术、安全评定、寿命预测与风险评估、事故应急决策及抢险技术等方面分析了我国特种设备安全科技面临的形势,提出了特种设备安全科技中长期发展思路、发展目标和主要任务,介绍了"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目《生命线工程和特种设备安全保障关键技术与工程示范》的总体目标、研究内容、课题设置方案、技术难点和创新点及技术路线。     

Exact Expression for Radiation of an Accelerated Charge in Classical Electrodynamics

The present expression of radiation of an accelerated point charge is only approximately valid. The exact expression of radiation of an accelerated point charge is derived based on special relativity, and using the Larmor formulation for the radiation of an charged particle being accelerated, but instantaneously at rest. The totaled radiation power obtained by the exact expression is the same as Liénard’s generalization of the Larmor formula.     

基于狭义相对论转动质量效应的X-ray光谱分析

基于狭义相对论的基本观点,研究了特征X-ray的产生机理,分析了在狭义相对论下转动质量效应对X-ray光谱的影响,导出了一个计算X-ray特征波长的公式,同时对计算推导的特征波长值做了系统的误差分析,得到了相对误差的规律。结果表明,计算推导的波长值与实验的波长值相比是非常的接近的,并且随着原子序数的增加,转动质量效应对特征波长的影响越来越明显,研究结果在实际应用中对分析特征X-ray光谱具有一定的参考意义。     

遗传算法在结构优化中的研究进展

遗传算法(genetic algorithm)是基于Darwin的进化论和Mendal遗传学说而形成的新算法,具有全局收敛性和并行性,适用性广,并要求较少的先验知识,现在已广泛应用于优化、模式识别等方面.本文简要地介绍了简单遗传算法的基本过程及其数学基础;并从编码机制、收敛性和算子的研究等方面详细地阐述了遗传算法理论的发展;对约束处理方式、适应值函数的选取等方面的研究进行分析和评论;最后还提出遗传算法存在的主要问题和展望.